Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: Observation and experimenta)

Kinetic cascade beyond magnetohydrodynamics of solar wind turbulence in two-dimensional hybrid simulations Statistical analysis of fluctuations and noise-driven transport in particle-in-cell simulations of plasma turbulence We provide a tutorial on the paradigms and tools of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The principal paradigm is that of a turbulent cascade from large scales to small, resulting in power law behavior for the frequency power spectrum for magnetic fluctuations E B ðf Þ. We will describe five useful statistical tools for MHD turbulence in the time domain: the temporal autocorrelation function, the frequency power spectrum, the probability distribution function of temporal increments, the temporal structure function, and the permutation entropy. Each of these tools will be illustrated with an example taken from MHD fluctuations in the solar wind. A single dataset from the Wind satellite will be used to illustrate all five temporal statistical tools. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.